Greece faces severe water crisis amid rising consumption and climate change
Greece is grappling with an escalating water crisis, driven by a combination of climate change, aging infrastructure, and uncontrolled consumption. According to the latest data from the World Resources Institute (WRI), Greece now ranks as the 19th most water-stressed country globally.
Sharp Increase in Water Usage
A special report by Deloitte, prepared for the Greek government and published by AMNA, reveals that water withdrawals for domestic use surged by 139% between 2001 and 2022. The report highlights soaring tourism numbers, increased per capita water use, and leakage losses of up to 50% in municipal supply systems as major contributing factors.
Greek Islands on High Alert
The Greek islands, particularly in the Aegean Sea, are experiencing acute pressure during the summer months due to the influx of tourists. With limited natural water sources, these regions face severe seasonal shortages, raising concerns over long-term water sustainability.
Highest Agricultural Water Use in the EU
Greece is now the leading EU country in water consumption per hectare of agricultural land. Outdated irrigation systems, a shift toward water-intensive crops, and rising temperatures are placing additional strain on water resources. Experts warn that increased agricultural subsidies may expand irrigated land and further worsen the water crisis.
Groundwater at Risk
Groundwater extraction has risen by 80% since 2000, while surface water use has dropped by 40%. Excessive pumping, particularly in coastal areas, has led to saltwater intrusion, threatening both the quality of drinking water and the productivity of irrigated land.
Reservoir Levels Critically Low
Despite recent rainfall, water levels in Greece’s hydroelectric reservoirs remain near record lows. These reservoirs are essential not only for power generation but also for drinking and irrigation purposes. Their depletion poses a dual threat: water scarcity and potential energy shortages due to reduced hydroelectric output.
Experts Call for Urgent Action
Water management specialists are calling for immediate and comprehensive reforms, including:
- Modernization of water infrastructure
- Reduction of supply system losses
- Expansion of smart agriculture and water-saving technologies
- Promotion of responsible water use in both tourism and agriculture sectors
The situation in Greece serves as a stark warning for other Mediterranean nations, highlighting the urgent need to treat water as not only a natural resource but also a strategic asset for national security.
