EU tightens asylum rules, sets solidarity measures for frontline states
The European Union is advancing its Migration and Asylum Pact with new rules aimed at tightening migrant reception and returns. EU interior ministers approved reforms on safe third countries, the first EU safe countries of origin list, and procedures for establishing return hubs outside the EU.
Under the new rules, member states can reject asylum applications if applicants could have sought protection in a safe third country, without needing a direct connection to that country. Migrants who appeal such decisions will no longer automatically be allowed to remain in the EU during the process.
The EU’s first list of safe countries of origin currently includes Bangladesh, Colombia, Egypt, India, Kosovo, Morocco, and Tunisia. Asylum seekers from these countries may face accelerated procedures, including at borders or transit zones. Member states can also maintain broader national lists.
Return hubs, potentially located outside the EU, can serve as transit centers or final destinations for irregular migrants awaiting repatriation. Rules for these centers will depend on bilateral agreements with host countries.
On solidarity, Italy, Spain, Greece, and Cyprus—the EU’s frontline states—will receive 21,000 relocations or €420 million in contributions in 2026. Other member states may choose different solidarity measures, but contributions are conditional on preventing irregular departures of asylum seekers.
The Council will formally adopt the solidarity mechanism, while the European Parliament is expected to approve the new rules on safe countries and return procedures in mid-December.
