Greek schools warned over toxic oleander plants in schoolyards

The warning concerns the plant Nerium oleander, widely known for its ornamental pink or white flowers and resilience in Mediterranean climates. Despite its popularity in landscaping, health authorities caution that all parts of the plant contain toxic substances that can pose serious risks to children and adults.

The circular was accompanied by a detailed safety guide prepared by the Hellenic National Public Health Organization (EODY) outlining prevention measures and medical response procedures in cases of poisoning.

Highly Toxic Plant
According to the guidance, the leaves, flowers and stems of oleander contain powerful toxins—particularly cardiac glycosides such as oleandrin and nerine—which can affect the cardiovascular system.

Exposure to these toxins may cause symptoms ranging from nausea and abdominal pain to severe heart arrhythmias and, in extreme cases, sudden cardiac arrest.

Health experts also warn that even the smoke produced from burning oleander branches can release toxic fumes harmful to the respiratory system.

Because of these risks, oleander is frequently listed among the most poisonous plants in the world.

Increased Risk for Children
Authorities emphasize that school environments and public areas where children gather—such as parks, playgrounds and sidewalks—may present particular risks.

Children are considered especially vulnerable due to their lower body weight and their natural curiosity, which increases the likelihood of accidental contact or ingestion.

The plant’s bright flowers may attract young children, who may pick leaves or blossoms, chew plant parts, or rub their eyes and mouth after touching the plant.

Prevention Measures Recommended
To reduce the risks associated with oleander exposure, health authorities recommend several precautionary measures:

• Removal of oleander plants from schoolyards, playgrounds and other areas frequented by children
• Replacement with non-toxic plant species suitable for public environments
• Increased awareness among teachers, school staff, parents and municipal workers about the plant’s dangers
• Educational activities to help children recognize and avoid the plant
• Temporary fencing and warning signs in areas where removal is not immediately possible

Possible Routes of Exposure
The advisory notes that exposure to oleander may occur through several pathways:

• Ingestion: the most common and dangerous form of exposure, especially among children
• Skin contact: which may cause irritation or dermatitis
• Inhalation: through toxic smoke when plant material is burned
• Contact with open wounds or mucous membranes: potentially leading to toxin absorption

Symptoms and Medical Response
Oleander poisoning may affect the cardiovascular, gastrointestinal and nervous systems.

Common symptoms include nausea, vomiting and diarrhea shortly after ingestion, followed by potentially dangerous cardiac disturbances such as bradycardia, tachycardia or severe arrhythmias.

In severe cases, untreated poisoning can progress to ventricular fibrillation or cardiac arrest within 24–48 hours.

Health authorities advise immediate medical assistance in suspected exposure cases and recommend contacting

Greece’s Poison Control Center.

Emergency Guidance
If exposure or ingestion is suspected:

• Remove any plant material from the mouth
• Rinse the mouth with water
• Wash affected skin thoroughly with soap and water
• Seek immediate medical assistance
• Inducing vomiting is not recommended due to potential complications.