Greece bill opens door to construction in natura-protected areas

A draft law introduced by Greece’s Ministry of Environment and Energy Greece has sparked debate after proposing to allow urban development in parts of Natura 2000 protected areas, under specific conditions.

The bill, currently under public consultation via the government’s open platform, is part of broader legislation titled “Modernization of the framework for Renewable Energy production and land use.”

Limited Construction in Protected Zones
Under the proposal, construction would be permitted in sections of Natura-designated zones that border existing urban areas or settlements. Authorities argue the measure is necessary in cases where urban expansion is considered essential and protected areas have previously acted as barriers.

The Natura 2000 framework classifies protected zones into four levels—from strict conservation cores to peripheral areas where limited human activity is allowed. The new bill would enable development in some of these zones, provided:

• Expansion is justified through local or special urban plans,
• It aligns with environmental protection studies,
• It does not exceed 20% of the designated zone.

Delays in Environmental Planning
The proposal comes amid delays in finalizing Special Environmental Studies, which are meant to define protection rules for Natura areas. Despite deadlines set for 2021, none have yet been fully ratified, raising concerns about regulatory gaps.

Extension of Legalization Measures
The bill also extends or reinstates provisions allowing the legalization of unauthorized constructions in forest areas until the end of 2027. These include:

• Livestock facilities,
• Religious structures such as churches and monasteries,
• Ski resorts and mountain shelters,
• Tourist facilities and campsites.
• Additionally, municipalities may again legalize unauthorized constructions in parks and green spaces.

Controversial Exceptions
A specific legislative provision has also been introduced to allow the construction of a chapel within a monastery complex on Mount Hymettus, a move likely to draw further scrutiny from environmental groups.

Mixed Environmental Impact
While critics warn of potential environmental degradation and weakening of protections, the bill includes at least one widely welcomed measure: explicitly allowing low-impact recreational activities—such as swimming, hiking, and mountaineering—in all protected zones unless specifically prohibited.

Broader Debate
The proposed reforms highlight the ongoing tension in Greece between environmental conservation and urban development needs, particularly in regions where growing settlements border protected ecosystems.

The consultation period is expected to shape the final version of the legislation, as stakeholders from environmental organizations to local authorities weigh in.