EU takes key step in customs reform as nine cities compete to host new EU customs authority
The EU’s sweeping customs reform moved forward this week as Brussels began evaluating nine bids to host the future EU Customs Authority (EUCA), a central pillar of the overhaul aimed at modernising procedures and strengthening checks across the bloc.
The reform responds to the rapid surge in e-commerce, with more than 12 million packages entering the EU every day and only 0.0082% currently inspected. In 2024 alone, 4.6 billion parcels valued under €22 arrived—creating opportunities for fraud and inconsistent enforcement among member states, according to the European Court of Auditors.
To ease pressure on national authorities, the Commission plans to introduce a €2 fee on low-value parcels from 2026 and phase out the €150 duty-free threshold by 2028. A new EU Customs Data Hub, overseen by EUCA, will unify data, streamline reporting and ultimately replace national IT systems—changes expected to save up to €2 billion annually.
EUCA is scheduled to begin operating in 2026, with gradual business access to the Data Hub starting in 2028 and becoming mandatory by 2038. The host location must provide ready premises, advanced security infrastructure, capacity for 250 staff, and international accessibility.
Nine cities competing
The candidate cities are Liège, Zagreb, Lille, Rome, The Hague, Warsaw, Porto, Bucharest and Málaga.
Belgium promotes Liège as a major logistics hub with strong customs expertise and a leading research centre.
Croatia highlights Zagreb’s skilled labour market and cost-efficient environment.
France proposes Lille, citing proximity to Brussels and major trade routes.
Italy puts forward Rome, stressing its advanced customs administration and Mediterranean position.
Netherlands argues that The Hague offers a strong international ecosystem near key ports and airports.
Poland says Warsaw is well-positioned given its large external border, strong customs service and cooperation with Frontex.
Portugal proposes Porto, pointing to its transatlantic links, though acknowledging challenges such as housing.
Romania promotes Bucharest’s extensive border responsibilities and experience handling major trade flows.
Spain seeks the agency for Málaga, emphasising high-quality infrastructure and strong connectivity.
A final decision by the Commission, member states and the European Parliament is expected around February.
Member States split over trade direction
The reform debate comes amid divisions over broader trade policy. Poland argues that stronger customs protect the internal market and economic stability, while Czechia opposes France’s push to prioritise EU-made products, warning such preferences could undermine the single market. A Commission proposal on the issue has been postponed to January 28.
